How do you get p-nitroaniline from aniline?

Dissolve 4.0 mL of aniline in 10 mL of acetic acid in a 100 mL round bottom flask. To this solution, add 5 mL of acetic anhydride and mix well by swirling. CAUTION: the reaction is exothermic and the flask becomes warm.

Why direct nitration is not possible in aniline?

Direct nitration of aniline is not a feasible process because nitric acid oxidizes most of aniline to give tarry oxidation products along with only a small amount of nitrated products. The acetyl group reduces the reactivity of the ring and thus its oxidation does not occur easily with nitric acid HNO3 .

How can you convert aniline to p-nitroaniline give the chemical equation only?

Aniline when treated with acetoacetate will produce Nacetyl aniline. This if treated with H2SO4/HNO2/CH3COOH will produce paranito nacetyl aniline, which on hydrolysis will give para nito aniline. a bit of ortho form will also form but it will be very little and can be easily separated by distillation.

How do you convert aniline to p dinitrobenzene?

The following steps are involved in this conversion :

1. Step 1 : Nitration of aniline. When the benzenamine or aniline react with the nitrous acid and sulfuric acid, the result is the formation of para-nitroaniline.
2. Step 2 : Formation of diazonium salt.
3. Step 3 : Formation of 1,4-dinitrobenzene.

Why it is not possible to obtain 2 and 4 nitroaniline by direct nitration of aniline?

Direct nitration of aniline is not a feasible process because nitric acid oxidises most of aniline to give tarry oxidation products along with only a small amount of nitrated products.

How do you separate p-nitroacetanilide?

Large crystals of p-nitroacetanilide is obtained. Filter the crystals through filter paper. The separated p-nitroacetanilide is washed with cold water in order to remove excess of acid. It is crystallized from ethyl alcohol.

Why is aniline acetylated before nitration?

Acetylation is performed before nitration of aniline. Direct nitration isn’t administered because NH2 may be a highly activating group and it’ll result in the reaction between NH2 and HNO3. In the above reaction, aniline may be a moderate base as it’s an electron rich compound and acts as a good nucleophile.

Why does the nitration of aniline give meta product?

The anilinium group, no longer possessing a free electron pair (tied up with H^+), deactivates the aromatic ring toward electrophilic substitution,also anilinium ion which is meta directive. Hence nitration of aniline gives meta derivative along with ortho and para.

How do you make phenyl Isocyanide from aniline?

Aniline on heating with Chloroform in the presence of KOH gives phenyl isocyanide. This reaction is known as Carbylamine Reaction. It’s also used as a test for primary amines. Aniline under goes a very important reaction , known as carbyl amine reaction , through which aniline convert into phenyl isocyanide .

How aniline is nitrated?

In case of nitration in aniline, the Nitric Acid protonates the aniline to form the Anilinium ion. Now since the nitrogen atom has no lone pair to conjugate, it has no mesomeric effect on the ring, the but as nitrogen is now protonated, it has a high negative inductive effect.

How will you prepare phenol from aniline?

From aniline phenol can be prepared. Aniline is diazotized by treatment with nitrous acid (NaNO2 and HCl) under ice-cold conditions to form benzene diazonium chloride. This is followed by hydrolysis with dilute sulphuric acid to form phenol.

How do you convert aniline to Iodobenzene?

To convert aniline to idobenzene, it is reacted with as catalyst. This leads to the formation of an intermediate compound called Benzenediazonium chloride. When Benzenediazonium chloride is made to chemically react in the presence of potassium iodide as catalyst leads to the formation of iodobenzene.

Is direct nitration of aniline possible?

Direct nitration of aniline is not possible. Why? – Quora Something went wrong. Wait a moment and try again.

How to prepare N-oxide from nitrogen of aniline?

In the first step we need to put the removable acetyl protecting group on the nitrogen of aniline. The an oxidation reaction or a protonation reaction. The nitric acid used in the nitration step is a fairly strongly oxidizing agent and we could form an N-oxide. The nitration conditions (nitric acid and sulfuric acid) are strongly acidic.

Why is ortho position deactivated during nitnitration of aniline?

Nitration generally carried out in acidic medium ( nitric acid +sulphuric acid) so aniline being a weak base get protonated and get converted to anilinium ion which cause strong -I effect. Due to this -I effect ring overall get deactivated but Ortho position being the nearest get highly deactivated.

Is aniline a meta director or meta director?

Protonation of the nitrogen of aniline makes it a very strong deactivating group, making the + group would be a meta director. the para position rather than the ortho position. The full mechanism for the reaction in Step 1 is given in Figure 14.2. Acetic anhydride is partially protonated by the acetic acid.