How do you convert phenol to nitrobenzene?

In this step, nitrobenzene is reduced by using Sn and concentrated HCl to form aniline. It reduces the NO2 group to NH2 and forms the chemical compound Aniline. In this step, aniline is treated with NaNO2 and HCl in cold conditions to form benzene diazonium chloride, which on further treatment with water gives phenol.

How do you make phenol to picric acid?

Picric acid is basically prepared from phenol by reacting phenol with concentrated sulphuric acid and concentrated nitric acid. The nitro groups from nitric acid attacks on ortho and para positions which is the best suitable and stable position for the newly formed compound which is picric acid.

How do you convert benzene to phenol?

Phenol can be converted to benzene by using strong reducing agents like Zn dust with strong heating. When strongly heated,the phenol gets converted into phenoxide ion and proton thus released accepts an electron from Zn forming H radical.

How do you make benzoquinone?

1,4-Benzoquinone is prepared industrially by oxidation of hydroquinone, which can be obtained by several routes. One route involves oxidation of diisopropylbenzene and the Hock rearrangement. The net reaction can be represented as follows: C6H4(CHMe2)2 + 3 O2 → C6H4O2 + 2 OCMe2 + H2O.

How is phenol converted into cyclohexanol?

Phenol is reacted with hydrogen in contact with a nickel catalyst, wherein the concentration of hydrogen is controlled, and/or wherein controlled amounts of water are included in the reaction mixture, to produce cyclohexanol, or preferably cyclohexanol plus cyclohexanone.

How will you convert nitrobenzene into?

Nitrobenzene is an aromatic nitro compound and aniline is its corresponding aromatic primary amine. So, nitrobenzene can be converted into aniline by reduction with an active metal like iron, tin, zinc etc. and concentrated hydrochloric acid.

How will you convert nitrobenzene to aniline?

Nitrobenzene is reduced to aniline by Sn and concentrated HCl. Instead of Sn, Zn or Fe also can be used. Aniline salt is given from this reaction. Then aqueous NaOH is added to the aniline salt to get released aniline.

How is phenol converted into pirak acid?

When phenol is treated with hot conc. nitric acid in the presence of conc. sulphuric acid yellow coloured picric acid is produced.

How is phenol prepared from cumene?

Phenol is industrially prepared by ‘Dow Process’. (I) cumene is oxidised in presence of air at 400K in the presence of metal catalyst to form cumene hydroperoxide. (II) In the second step cumene hydroperoxide is treated with dilute sulphuric acid at 350K. It causes hydrolysis and forms phenol and acetone.

How is converted into Benzene?

Phenol gives out proton and forms phenoxy anion. This anion later gives out oxygen radical to form phenyl – free radical. On the other hand, zinc reacts with the oxygen radicals to form Zinc Oxide (ZnO). Finally, hydrogen free radical (formed from hydrogen ion) joins with phenyl – free radical to form Benzene.

What happens when you mix phenol and water together?

Phenol is the more dense of the two liquids so it sits on the bottom. The phases are then mixed thoroughly. This forces the phenol into the water layer where it forms an emulsion of droplets throughout. The proteins in the water phase are denatured and partition into the phenol, while the DNA stays in the water.

How does phenol extraction of DNA work?

The Basics: How Phenol Extraction of DNA Works 1 The basic protocol. I’ll start with a quick outline of how the procedure is performed. 2 First, a bit about solvents. To explain how the addition of phenol can separate DNA and proteins,… 3 DNA is most soluble in the water phase. So what does this have to do with the separation…

What is the solubility of DNA in phenol?

DNA is a polar molecule due to the negative charges on it’s phosphate backbone, so it is very soluble in water and less so in phenol. This means that when the water (+DNA +protein) and phenol are mixed in the protocol, the DNA does not dissolve in the phenol, but remains in the water phase. The solubility of the proteins is flipped by phenol

What are the physical properties of phenol?

Physical Properties. Phenol is a colorless or white solid when it is pure; however, it is usually sold and used as a liquid. (1) The odor threshold for phenol is 0.04 parts per million (ppm), with a strong very sweet odor reported. (1,7) Phenol is very soluble in water and is quite flammable.