Table of Contents
- 1 How can you calculate an area by latitude and departure?
- 2 How is departure in navigation calculated?
- 3 How do you calculate latitude?
- 4 What is azimuth and bearing?
- 5 What is the departure of a line of latitude?
- 6 What if the sum of latitudes and departures does not equal zero?
- 7 How do you find the latitude of a line?
How can you calculate an area by latitude and departure?
North latitudes are positive, South are negative; similarly East departures are positive, West are negative….1. Definition; Equations.
| (a) The latitude of line AB is North (+), its departure is East (+). | (b) The latitude of line CD is South (-), its departure is West (-). |
| Figure D-1 Latitudes and Departures |
The formula to calculate departure is as follows: Departure = d. long cos(middle latitude). Mean Latitude.
How is DMD calculated?
The DMD of each succeeding side is the DMD of the preceding side plus the departure of the preceding side plus the departure of the side itself. For our example, the DMD of line BC is B’B + departure of line AB + departure of line BC which is B’B+C’E+EC= B’B+C’C=2xM’M.
How do you calculate latitude?
Your latitude can be calculated by measuring the angle of the sun. At the middle of the day on the equinox (when day and night are the same length) the angle of the sun below an upright line (a line straight up above your head) tells you your latitude.
What is azimuth and bearing?
A bearing is an angle less than 90° within a quadrant defined by the cardinal directions. An azimuth is an angle between 0° and 360° measured clockwise from North. “South 45° East” and “135°” are the same direction expressed as a bearing and as an azimuth.
How do you find the bearing and azimuth?
Azimuths and bearings are horizontal angles measured to represent or locate a line with respect to a meridian….Computation of Azimuths and Bearing.
| Quadrant | Bearing to Azimuth Conversion |
|---|---|
| I (NE) | Bearing = Azimuth |
| II(SE) | Bearing = 1800 – Azimuth |
| III(SW) | Bearing = Azimuth – 1800 |
| IV (NW) | Bearing = 360 – Azimuth |
What is the departure of a line of latitude?
The departure of a line is its projection on the east-west meridian and is equal to the length of the line times the sine of its bearing. The latitude is the y component of the line (also known as northing ), and the departure is the x component of the line (also known as easting ).
What if the sum of latitudes and departures does not equal zero?
Thealgebraic sum of all departures must equal zero or the difference in departure between the initial and final control points If the sums of latitudes and departures do not equal zero, corrections must be made. DEGREE and RADIAN MEASURE
What is the Lat and Dep of a bearing angle?
Because a bearing angle never exceeds 90°, the Lat and Dep equations will always return positive values. Sin (0°) to Sin (90°) ranges from 0 to +1.0 The correct mathematical sign for the Lat and Dep come from the bearing quadrant. A bearing of S 47°35′ E has a negative Lat (South) and a positive Dep (East).
How do you find the latitude of a line?
The latitude of a line is its projection on the north-south meridian and is equal to the length of the line times the cosine of its bearing. The departure of a line is its projection on the east-west meridian and is equal to the length of the line times the sine of its bearing.