What causes change in stability of vaccines?

Vaccine instability can be caused by light, heat, radiation, changes in the environment, or reactions with the container or with other components in the mixture. Even when optimal conditions are maintained, potency may decline gradually as time passes after production.

Can tetanus injection be stored at room temperature?

Store diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccines refrigerated between 2°C and 8°C (36°F and 46°F). Do not freeze vaccine or expose to freezing temperatures. If the vaccine has been exposed to inappropriate conditions/temperatures or handled improperly: Store the vaccine at the appropriate temperature.

How long can tetanus vaccines be left out of the fridge?

The authors concluded that toxoids which were unintentionally left at room temperature up to two weeks can safely be used in humans without control potency testing. Freezing can reduce the potency of tetanus toxoid to an extent that evidently varies slightly with the composition of the vaccine.

What happens if tetanus toxoid is not refrigerated?

Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoid At 53 C, the vaccine’s degradation accelerates, causing it to lose its potency. Adsorbed toxoids onto aluminum-based adjuvants allow these vaccines to have increased stability at elevated temperatures for a longer time. Do not freeze these vaccines, since they can lose their potency.

Which vaccines are most susceptible to colder temperature?

Some of the most widely used vaccines are freeze-sensitive, including:

• Diphtheria.
• Tetanus.
• Pertussis.
• Liquid Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
• Hepatitis B.

How can freezing temperatures cause damage to vaccines?

Effectiveness cannot be guaranteed for vaccines unless they have been stored at the correct temperature. Freezing may cause deterioration of the vaccine and lead to hairline cracks in the ampoule, vial or pre-filled syringe which could potentially allow the contents to become contaminated.

What temperature should BCG vaccine be kept?

BCG vaccine should be stored and transported between +2°C and +8°C. It is even more stable if stored in temperatures as low as -20°C. The diluent should not be frozen. The vaccine should be protected from the light.

Why TT injection is kept in fridge?

Immunogenicity of the vaccine is maintained after storage at 37°C for 6 months and at 22°C for 3 years(22). However it is to be stored in a refrigerator to minimize degradation. Live oral typhoid vaccine Ty21a is to be stored at 2ºC to 8ºC. Three lots of vaccine stored at 37ºC for 12 hours maintained their potency.

Can freezing temperatures damage vaccines?

Which vaccines are damaged by freezing?

Freezing damages the potency of DPT, DT, Hep B, and TT vaccines.

Which vaccines should not be frozen?

Most vaccines (all inactivated vaccines and live nasal spray influenza vaccine) must be stored between 2° to 8°C (36° to 46°F), which is the recommended refrigerator temperature. Live varicella (chickenpox) and Zostavax (shingles) vaccines must be stored frozen between -50° to -15°C (-58° to +5°F).