What is the functional groups of phenol?

Phenols are organic compounds which contain a hydroxyl (—OH) group attached to a carbon atom in a benzene ring.

What are the important reactions of phenols?

Reactions of Phenol

• Sodium Hydroxide. Because phenol is acidic, it reacts with sodium hydroxide (a strong base) to form the phenoxide anion and water.
• Acetyl Chloride and Acetic Anhydride.
• Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions.
• Bromination.
• Sulfonation.

What is functionality of a monomer?

According to IUPAC, the functionality of a monomer is defined as the number of bonds that a monomer’s repeating unit forms in a polymer with other monomers. Monomers with a functionality f ≥ 3 lead to a branching point, which can lead to cross-linked polymers (a thermosetting polymer).

What is reactive site in chemistry?

A reactive center, also called a propagating center, in chemistry is a particular location, usually an atom, within a chemical compound that is the likely center of a reaction in which the chemical is involved. The reactive center is commonly radical, anionic, or cationic in nature, but can also take other forms.

How many functionality of phenol is?

Phenol has a potential functionality of 3. In the preparation of a typical novolac the P/F ratio is >I. In functionality terms, the methylene glycol reaches its potential functionality of 2 (i.e. actual functionality = potential functionality) whereas phenol will have a functionality < 2.

Is phenol reactive?

Phenols are highly reactive toward electrophilic aromatic substitution, because the nonbonding electrons on oxygen stabilize the intermediate cation.

What type of reactions are shown by phenol?

Some of the electrophilic substitution reactions of phenols are explained below:

• Nitration of Phenols. Phenols upon treatment with dilute nitric acid undergo nitration at low temperature (298 K) to give a mixture of ortho and para nitrophenols.
• Halogenation of Phenols.
• Kolbe’s Reaction.
• Reimer-Tiemann Reaction.

Why is phenol a strong activator?

The hydroxy group in a phenol molecule exhibits a strong activating effect on the benzene ring because it provides a ready source of electron density for the ring. This directing influence is so strong that you can often accomplish substitutions on phenols without the use of a catalyst.

How do you find functionality?

Determining whether a relation is a function on a graph is relatively easy by using the vertical line test. If a vertical line crosses the relation on the graph only once in all locations, the relation is a function. However, if a vertical line crosses the relation more than once, the relation is not a function.

What do you understand by functionality?

: the quality of having a practical use : the quality of being functional. : the particular use or set of uses for which something is designed.

How do you determine if a molecule is reactive?

Chemists often find that the reactivity of a molecule is affected by the degree of substitution of a carbon that is bonded to a functional group. These carbons are designated as primary, secondary, or tertiary.

Which functional groups are reactive?

2.4: Functional Groups: Centers of Reactivity

• Aldehydes and Ketones.
• Carboxylic acids and acid derivatives.
• Nitriles and Imines.
• Phosphates.

What are the reactive sites of a phenol molecule?

There are FOUR reactive sites on a phenol molecule. The most obvious one is the aromatic -OH group, which is a weak acid. When you react it with a base (e.g. NaOH), you can deprotonate the Ar-OH, and generate the phenoxide Ar-O^- Na+. This is probably the most useful reactive site on a phenol.

What is the functionality of phenol?

The functionality of phenol is about the chemical reactivities of C atoms, not the three double bonds. As a weak acid, phenol can be reactive through electrophilic sub reactions with some compounds, like in halogenation reaction.

How many localized double bonds does phenol have?

Besides, it also has an -OH which is yet another reactive site, so in all making it seven. Please help so that I may have a clear understanding of how to judge functionality of a monomer molecule. Phenol has 3 double-bond-equivalent, but not 3 localized double bonds: Courtesy Wikipedia.

Is phenol an electrophile or nuecleophile?

Phenol has 3 double-bond-equivalent, but not 3 localized double bonds: Courtesy Wikipedia. Therefore, to a electrophile, there are 3 reaction sites, which are the ortho – and the para – positions. A nuecleophile does not attack phenol.