Table of Contents
- 1 What is the nitration of benzene?
- 2 What is the mechanism of nitration of benzene?
- 3 What is the mechanism of nitration?
- 4 What is the electrophile in the nitration of benzene?
- 5 What is nitration in chemistry class 11?
- 6 What is the nitration mixture?
- 7 What is nitration mixture?
- 8 What is the role of HNO3 in nitration of benzene?
- 9 What product is formed by the nitration of benzene?
- 10 What is the rate determining step in the nitration of benzene?
- 11 Is benzene a constituent of petroleum?
What is the nitration of benzene?
The nitration of benzene Nitration happens when one (or more) of the hydrogen atoms on the benzene ring is replaced by a nitro group, NO2. Benzene is treated with a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid at a temperature not exceeding 50°C.
What is the mechanism of nitration of benzene?
Benzene reacts with nitric acid and sulphuric acid to form nitrobenzene. It is an example of electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. One hydrogen atom of benzene ring is replaced with nitro group. Nitric acid reacts with sulphuric acid to form nitronium ions.
What is nitration explain with example?
Medical Definition of nitration : the process of treating or combining with nitric acid or a nitrate especially : conversion of an organic compound into a nitro compound or a nitrate. Other Words from nitration. nitrate verb nitrated; nitrating.
What is the mechanism of nitration?
The mechanism for nitration of benzene: Step 1: Nitric acid accepts a proton from sulphuric acid and then dissociates to form nitronium ion. Step 2: The nitronium ion acts as an electrophile in the process which further reacts with benzene to form an arenium ion.
What is the electrophile in the nitration of benzene?
nitronium ion
The electrophile is the “nitronium ion” or the “nitryl cation”, NO+2. This is formed by reaction between the nitric acid and the sulphuric acid.
What reagent is used in the nitration of benzene?
nitric acid
The key reagent for nitration is nitric acid, HNO3. By itself, nitric acid is a relatively slow-acting electrophile, especially in the presence of a poor nucleophile such as benzene.
What is nitration in chemistry class 11?
Nitration is the class of chemical processes that introduces the nitro group into an organic chemical compound. However, the main difference among the final structure of nitrates and nitro compounds is, the nitrogen atom forms a chemical bond with a non-oxygen atom such as the carbon or other nitrogen atoms. …
What is the nitration mixture?
A mixture of concentrated sulphuric and nitric acids, used to introduce a nitro group (–NO2) into an organic compound.
What type of reaction are shown by benzene?
Substitution Reactions of Benzene and Other Aromatic Compounds
| Reaction Type | Typical Equation | |
|---|---|---|
| Halogenation: | C6H6 | + Cl2 & heat FeCl3 catalyst |
| Nitration: | C6H6 | + HNO3 & heat H2SO4 catalyst |
| Sulfonation: | C6H6 | + H2SO4 + SO3 & heat |
| Alkylation: Friedel-Crafts | C6H6 | + R-Cl & heat AlCl3 catalyst |
What is nitration mixture?
What is the role of HNO3 in nitration of benzene?
HNO3 acts as a base in the nitrating mixture and provides the electrophile NO2+ .
What is electrophile in nitration?
The electrophile is the “nitronium ion” or the “nitryl cation”, NO+2. This is formed by reaction between the nitric acid and the sulphuric acid.
What product is formed by the nitration of benzene?
Nitration is carried out in most of the cases with a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid. Nitration of benzene gives nitrobenzene.
What is the rate determining step in the nitration of benzene?
As far as I know, the rate determining step of the nitration of benzene is the addition of the aryl ring to the nitronium ion…….. Explanation: Aryl rings are generally nitrated by a so-called nitrating mixture, which is usually a mixture of conc. sulfuric, and conc. nitric acids.
How does benzene react with concentrated nitric acid?
The mechanism for nitration of benzene: Nitric acid accepts a proton from sulphuric acid and then dissociates to form nitronium ion. The nitronium ion acts as an electrophile in the process which further reacts with benzene to form an arenium ion. The arenium ion then loses its proton to Lewis base forming nitrobenzene.
Is benzene a constituent of petroleum?
Benzene is a natural constituent of crude oil and is one of the elementary petrochemicals. Due to the cyclic continuous pi bond between the carbon atoms, benzene is classed as an aromatic hydrocarbon, the second [n]-annulene ([6]-annulene).