What is the role of concentrated H2SO4 in the nitration test?

In the protonation of nitric acid by sulfuric acid, the source of the nitronium ion induces the removal of a water molecule and the creation of a nitronium ion. By cooling an amount of condensed sulfuric acid, typically in an ice bath, nitrating mixtures are prepared. …

Why does only nitration but not Sulphonation take place with mixture of nitric and sulphuric acid?

Sulfuric acid is needed in order for a good electrophile to form. Sulfuric acid protonates nitric acid to form the nitronium ion (water molecule is lost). The nitronium ion is a very good electrophile and is open to attack by benzene. Without sulfuric acid the reaction would not occur.

How many grams of concentrated nitric acid solution should be used to prepare 250 ml of 2 M HNO the concentrated acid is 70\% w/w HNO3?

Hence, Option (D) 45.0g of conc.

What is the role of nitric acid in nitration of benzene?

HNO3 acts as a base in the nitrating mixture and provides the electrophile NO2+ .

Which is the electrophile in the nitration of benzene?

nitronium ion
The electrophile is the “nitronium ion” or the “nitryl cation”, NO+2. This is formed by reaction between the nitric acid and the sulphuric acid.

What is the purpose of using sulfuric acid in the nitration of benzene quizlet?

The ester substituent is moderately deactivating and is Meta directing. The sulfuric acid serves as a catalyst and promotes the loss of water from nitric acid to give the nitronium ion (NO2+).

What happens when benzene is heated with a mixture of conc hno3 and conc h2so4?

Benzene reacts with concentrated nitric acid at 323-333k in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid to form nitrobenzene. This reaction is known as nitration of benzene.

How does nitration of benzene carry out in continuous process?

To carry out the reaction, nitric acid and sulfuric acid are generally mixed or dispersed to form so-called nitrating acid, and benzene is metered into this nitrating acid and reacts with the nitric acid to form substantially water and nitrobenzene.

How do you make a 2 nitric acid solution?

so, 0.7246 ml of 69\% Nitric acid added with 99.275 ml of water forms 100 ml of 0.5\% Nitric acid. For a 2\% solution the final weight of solution will be 13.4/. 02=670 grams. Therefore add 670–13.4=656.6 g of H2O, giving 670 g of 2\% HNO3.

How many grams of ch3oh should be in water?

The molar mass of $C{H_3}OH$ is 32g/mol. To prepare 150ml solution 2M $C{H_3}OH$, we need to add 9.61g of $C{H_3}OH$ in water. So, the correct answer is C.

What happens when benzene reacts with nitric acid?

Benzene reacts with nitric acid and sulphuric acid to form nitrobenzene. It is an example of electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. One hydrogen atom of benzene ring is replaced with nitro group. The pi electrons of benzene are donated to nitronium ions.

What is the electrophile that reacts with benzene in the nitration of benzene by a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acid?

How can I nitrate benzene using only 2 moles of concentrated HNO3?

In nitration of benzene, using only 2 moles of concentrated HNO3, one mole of HNO3 is giving H+ while another mole is giving OH-? The basic idea of using any reagents here is to generate electrophile (NO2+), which we can get either using mixture of (HNO3 + H2SO4) or using only HNO3 .

What is the nitration of benzene?

The nitration of benzene is an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, in which a nitro group (-NO 2) is introduced onto a benzene ring. This reaction proceeds via the formation of an electrophilic nitronium ion (NO 2+) from nitric acid (HNO 3 ), resulting from proton transfer from sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ).

Is HNO3 a nucleophile or electrophile?

The typical reagents for the nitration reaction are nitric acid and sulfuric acid: As with other electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions, the benzene ring acts as a nucleophile. However, nitric acid (HNO 3) is not a very good electrophile (nor is benzene a very good nucleophile).

What is the hydroxonium ion in benzene?

Note: The hydroxonium ion (also called the hydronium ion or oxonium ion) is simply a hydrogen ion attached to a water molecule – what is often written more simply as H +(aq). As the NO 2+ ion approaches the delocalised electrons in the benzene, those electrons are strongly attracted towards the positive charge.