Which muscle is weak in Esotropia?

The lateral rectus muscle rotates the eye away from the nose. When the lateral rectus muscle is weak, the eye crosses inward toward the nose, resulting in esotropia.

What muscles are involved in strabismus?

The medial rectus muscle pulls the eye inwards and the lateral rectus outwards. The superior rectus is responsible for upwards movements of the eye and in the opposite direction, the inferior rectus muscle mostly pulls the eye downwards.

Which extraocular muscle is responsible for turning the eye up and out?

EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES: The superior rectus is an extraocular muscle that attaches to the top of the eye. It moves the eye upward. The inferior rectus is an extraocular muscle that attaches to the bottom of the eye.

Is the levator Palpebrae Superioris in extraocular muscle?

Cranial Nerves Cranial nerve III innervates four of the six extraocular muscles of the eye as well as the levator palpebrae superioris muscle of the eyelid and, via projections to the ciliary ganglion, the small intraocular muscles that control the constriction of the pupil and the shape of the lens.

Is exotropia a visual impairment?

Exotropia is a form of strabismus where the eyes are deviated outward. It is the opposite of esotropia and usually involves more severe axis deviation than exophoria. People with exotropia often experience crossed diplopia. Intermittent exotropia is a fairly common condition….

Exotropia
Specialty	Ophthalmology

What is accommodation insufficiency?

Definition of Accommodation Insufficiency (AI) The most common definition states that AI is a non-strabismic binocular vision anomaly characterized by an inability to focus or sustain focus at near distance.

What is the function of the extraocular eye muscles?

Anatomical terms of muscle The extraocular muscles, are the seven extrinsic muscles of the human eye. Six of the extraocular muscles control movement of the eye and the other muscle the levator palpebrae controls eyelid elevation.

Where is ciliary muscle?

The ciliary muscle is elongated, triangular in shape, and located beneath the anterior sclera just posterior to the limbus. The shortest side of the triangular region faces anterior-inward and it is to this region of the ciliary body that the base of the iris inserts.

What type of muscles are extraocular muscles?

What nerves innervate the extraocular muscles?

The extraocular muscles are innervated by lower motor neurons that form three cranial nerves: the abducens, the trochlear, and the oculomotor (Figure 20.3). The abducens nerve (cranial nerve VI) exits the brainstem from the pons-medullary junction and innervates the lateral rectus muscle.

What is convergence insufficiency?

Convergence insufficiency is a condition in which your eyes are unable to work together when looking at nearby objects. This condition causes one eye to turn outward instead of inward with the other eye, creating double or blurred vision.

Is esotropia worse than Exotropia?

Exotropia is a form of strabismus where the eyes are deviated outward. It is the opposite of esotropia and usually involves more severe axis deviation than exophoria. People with exotropia often experience crossed diplopia….

Exotropia
Exotropia of both eyes
Specialty	Ophthalmology

What are the treatment options for infantile esotropia?

The treatment of infantile esotropia is extraocular muscle surgery. Botulinum toxin (Botox ®) has been suggested as an alternative to surgery in patients with small to medium angle esotropia. 13 Botox ® may also be used to augment the effects of extraocular muscle surgery. 13

What is the relationship between infantile esotropia and poor vision?

Infantile esotropic patients will frequently have normal vision in each eye, so any patient with suspected infantile esotropia and poor vision should undergo a complete and thorough eye exam to rule out cause for poor vision.

What is monofixation syndrome (microtropia)?

Also known as microtropia, monofixation syndrome is normally seen in patients following strabismus surgery for infantile esotropia. Patients have central suppression with decreased binocular vision. There is presence of binocular peripheral fusion.

What is accomodative esotropia and how is it treated?

Accommodative esotropia or refractive esotropia is often acquired after six months of age, intermittent in nature, and patients typically have hyperopia greater than 3.00 diopters. Treatment is spectacles for the full cycloplegic refraction.