Why is vacuum needed?

Since many materials are subject to chemical reactions with air, it becomes necessary to remove molecules from the vicinity of the surface being processed. The only reasonable way to do this is to place the material in a chamber and use the atmosphere, or lack of it, to protect the material from a chemical reaction.

Why vacuum is used in condenser?

Now to ensure proper and continuous flow of steam to condensers at all times, vacuum must be maintained externally. A vacuum is maintained in the condenser so that steam can easily flow and more work can be extracted from the steam in the turbine; this is the reason why vacuum is maintained in condensers.

What is vacuum pulling?

Pulling vacuum is the process of evacuating a refrigeration or air conditioning system (including refrigerant lines, coils, etc) of all unwanted contaminants and particulate primarily dirt, water and air.

What’s a vacuum in physics?

vacuum, space in which there is no matter or in which the pressure is so low that any particles in the space do not affect any processes being carried on there. It is a condition well below normal atmospheric pressure and is measured in units of pressure (the pascal).

How do vacuums work physics?

Vacuum cleaners work because of Bernoulli’s Principle, which states that as the speed of air increases, the pressure decreases. Air will always flow from a high-pressure area to a low-pressure area, to try to balance out the pressure.

Why vacuum is created?

In general, a vacuum is created by starting with air at atmospheric pressure within a chamber of some sort. As molecules are removed, there are fewer other molecules for a given molecule to collide with the distance becomes longer and longer as the pressure is reduced.

What is vacuum condenser?

Process vacuum condensers are an integral part of a vacuum system. So often, a process vacuum condenser is considered stand-alone equipment, with little consideration given to how best to integrate it into a vacuum system. Common practice has the vacuum condenser specified as just another heat exchanger.

What is the use of vacuum breaker and ejector?

Starting ejectors are meant for the initial operation of the condenser to achieve vacuum quickly whereas running ejectors are for regular operation. A vacuum breaker is provided for speedy breaking of the condenser vacuum in an emergency to arrest the turbine from overspeeding in case of problems on the generator side.

How do vacuum breakers work?

How It Works. A pressure vacuum breaker consists of a check device, or check valve, and an air inlet that is vented to the atmosphere (open-air). When the air pressure is greater than the water pressure, the vented chamber opens and breaks the suction effect of the low pressure, thereby preventing the backflow of water …

How do you start a steam turbine?

Start the vacuum pump and bring up the vacuum in the condenser. Open condensate pump valves and switch on the pump. Check whether the condensate vacuum, gland steam pressure, steam inlet pressure, and lube oil pressure are normal. Start turbo generator from the local station and close the drain in the steam line.

What is in a vacuum?

vacuum, space in which there is no matter or in which the pressure is so low that any particles in the space do not affect any processes being carried on there. A vacuum can be created by removing air from a space using a vacuum pump or by reducing the pressure using a fast flow of fluid, as in Bernoulli’s principle.