Why were the Portuguese able to dominate trade in the Indian Ocean?

11. Why were the Portuguese able to establish fortified bases in the Indian Ocean region so quickly and easily? their ships could outgun and outmaneuver competing naval forces, while their onboard cannons could devastate coastal fortifications. List some ways the Portuguese tried to dominate Indian Ocean trade.

Why were the Portuguese so successful?

The Portuguese had an unrivalled knowledge of sailing conditions in the Atlantic and halfway down the African coast. There had been developments in ship design, rigging and seamanship which made it possible to contemplate long–distance trips in stormier seas than the Venetians encountered in the Mediterranean.

How did Portugal gain an empire in Brazil?

In 1494, the two kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula divided the New World between them (in the Treaty of Tordesillas), and in 1500 navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral landed in what is now Brazil and laid claim to it in the name of King Manuel I of Portugal.

Why was the Portuguese empire so small?

Portugal’s colonies brought great wealth to this small country. But the empire gradually declined, as it did for other colonizers, partly because Portugal did not have enough people or resources to maintain so many overseas territories. A move for independence among the colonies finally sealed its fate.

How did the Portuguese enjoy monopoly in trade in India?

Portuguese and the Spice Trade. After Vasco de Gama discovered the sea route to India Portuguese ships monopolized the spice trade. The price of pepper in Lisbon was one of what was when the pepper trade was controlled by Egyptian sultans. Portugal established a pepper monopoly by 1504.

How did Portugal impact the Indian Ocean trade in the 16th century?

“The Portuguese transformed maritime trade in Indian Ocean in the sixteenth century by taxing non-Portuguese ships that traded in the region.” (Responds to the prompt with a minimally acceptable claim that establishes a line of reasoning.)

Why did Portugal rely on trade?

After traditional land routes to India had been closed by the Ottoman Turks, Portugal hoped to use the sea route pioneered by Gama to break the Venetian trading monopoly. Portugal aimed to control trade within the Indian Ocean and secure the sea routes linking Europe to Asia.

What did Portugal trade?

The main Portuguese goal was trade, not colonization or conquest. Soon its ships were bringing into the European market highly valued gold, ivory, pepper, cotton, sugar, and slaves. The slave trade, for example, was conducted by a few dozen merchants in Lisbon.

Why did Portugal get Brazil?

The Portuguese were more invested in evangelization and trade in Asia and Africa, which included trafficking in enslaved humans, and viewed Brazil as a trade post instead of a place to send larger numbers of settlers.

How did Portugal impact Brazil?

Due to the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494, Portugal was allowed to colonize Brazil. The Portuguese imported African slaves and forced them to grow sugar, tobacco, cotton, coffee, and other cash crops. The Portuguese also extracted brazilwood from the rainforest, which was used to dye European textiles.

What happened to the Portuguese empire?

Fall. The Portuguese Empire, like the British, French and German empires, was fatally damaged by the two world wars fought in the 20th century. These European powers were pressured by the Soviet Union and the United States and by independence movements inside the colonial territories.

How did the Portuguese empire expand?

The Portuguese empire expanded into the Persian Gulf, contesting control of the spice trade with the Ajuran Empire and the Ottoman Empire. In 1515, Afonso de Albuquerque conquered the Huwala state of Hormuz at the head of the Persian Gulf, establishing it as a vassal state.

How did the Portuguese Empire affect the countries it conquered?

The country’s former colonies, spread across continents, have varying areas, populations, geographies, histories, and cultures. The Portuguese tremendously affected their colonies politically, economically, and socially. The empire has been criticized for being exploitative, neglectful, and racist.

Why was the sea so important to Portugal?

Bounded by unfriendly and often actively hostile Spanish kingdoms and Muslim principalities, Portugal was forced to look to the sea not merely for communication with the rest of Christendom, but also for essential trade: the export of salt and oil, of wine and cork, and the import of most of the manufactured goods her people needed.

What were the former Portuguese possessions of Portugal?

Here are the most important former Portuguese possessions: Brazil was by far Portugal’s largest colony by area and population. It was reached by the Portuguese in 1500 and was part of the Treaty of Tordesillas, signed with Spain in 1494, allowing Portugal claim over Brazil.

What are the negative effects of the British Empire?

The empire has been criticized for being exploitative, neglectful, and racist. Some colonies still suffer from high poverty and instability, but their valuable natural resources, combined with current diplomatic relations with and assistance from Portugal, may improve the living conditions of these numerous countries.